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Free Traveling Guides » States » New Mexico History of New Mexico
The State of New Mexico, situated in the southwest region of the United States of America, was first inhabited by the members of the Clovis culture of the Paleo Indians. Later, the area was inhabited by the Native American of the Mogollon and the Anasazi cultures; Pueblo people; as well as numerous groups of Ute, Navajo, and Apache. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado was the first European to arrive in the area in 1541.The San Juan colony, established on the Rio Grande in 1598 by Juan de Onate, was the first permanent European settlement in the region, now known as New Mexico. The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 forced the Spanish to abandon the settlement of Santa Fe and other settled areas of the state for nearly 12 years. However, the area was restored to the Spanish rule after the death of the Pueblo leader. After the Mexican War of Independence, fought during 1810-1821, the claims for the province of New Mexico passed to independent Mexico, which exercised control over the region for the next 26 years. The territory north and east of the Rio Grande was claimed by the Republic of Texas after it successfully seceded from Mexico in 1836. The northern holdings of Mexico, the present-day American Southwest and California, were ceded to the United States of America after the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848). The Territory of New Mexico was established on September 9, 1850 by the American government, as per the Congressional Compromise of 1850. Santa Fe was declared the official capital of the territory in 1851. The southwestern boot heel of the state as well as southern Arizona was ceded to the United States, following the Gadsden Purchase of 1853. The area was briefly annexed by the Confederate troops during the American Civil War, but was recaptured by the Union Troops from the Territory of Colorado at the Battle of Glorieta Pass in March 1862. New Mexico was admitted to the Union as the 47th U.S. State on January 6, 1912. After WWII, Albuquerque, the largest city in the state, grew rapidly and the state soon emerged as a leader in solar, nuclear, and geothermal energy research and development. |
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